Ministers were required to renounce the 1638 National Covenant about a third, or around 270 in total, refused to do so and lost their positions as a result. 36 were executed and others transported to Barbados, while unrest continued over the next two decades, culminating in the extended period of repression from 1679 to 1688 known as The Killing Time.Īfter the Restoration of the Monarchy in 1660, the Rescissory Act 1661 restored bishops to the Church of Scotland, or kirk. While casualties were relatively light, between 40 to 50 Covenanters were killed and up to 85 prisoners taken, many of whom were alleged to have been tortured.
Sparked by opposition to the restoration of episcopalianism in the Church of Scotland, a Covenanter army under Colonel James Wallace was defeated by a government force led by Tam Dalyell of the Binns. It was the only significant battle of the Pentland Rising, a brief revolt by Covenanter dissidents against the Scottish government. The Battle of Rullion Green took place on 28 November 1666, near the Pentland Hills, in Midlothian, Scotland.
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